Biological Reality: Complicated in Detail, Simple in Truth
Biology is often described as complicated—and rightly so. Every living organism is a complex system of interacting parts: cells divide, genes switch on and off, hormones signal, feedback loops run. To an outsider, the machinery of life can appear overwhelming. Yet within that complexity lies simplicity. The foundational truths of biology are clear, precise, and undeniable. Complexity does not negate clarity; it illuminates it. Think of the card game Magic: The Gathering. At first glance, it seems impossibly intricate: thousands of cards, infinite combinations, multiple mechanics. A new player feels lost. But once you learn the basic rules and play with a standard deck, the game is simple. You understand what matters, what is functional, what is foundational. Biology operates in the same way. The details are intricate, but the underlying principles—the foundations—are simple and robust. One of those foundational truths is human sex. There are two sexes: male and female. Male...